Аннотация
Растение Cannabis sativa, на протяжении тысячелетий использовалось в китайской, индийской и греческой культурах и было введено в западную медицину в 19 веке из-за ее болеутоляющего, противовоспалительного, противорвотного и противосудорожного свойств. После идентификации основных компонентов каннабиса и открытия эндоканнабиноидной системы (ЭКС), модулирующей различные процессы в лечении боли и психических расстройствах, интерес к каннабиноидам возобновился. Исследования продемонстрировали потенциальную эффективность ЭКС в облегчении боли и неврологических расстройств. Однако ЭКС также связана с негативными проявлениями, включая вредное воздействие на эмоциональные и когнитивные функции, развитие толерантности и зависимости, а также симптомы абстиненции после прекращения приема наркотиков у людей. Недавно мы обнаружили, что повторяющееся внутрибрюшинное введение двух основных компонентов каннабиса, дельта-9-тетрагидроканнабинола (ТГК) и каннабиноловой кислоты (КНБК), приводит к развитию толерантности у мышей-самцов. В этом обзоре мы обобщили сведения, демонстрирующие толерантность к каннабиноидам у животных, обсуждая общие механизмы и основные сигнальные пути толерантности к каннабиноидам, включая нейроадаптацию, прежде всего на рецепторах каннабиноида 1 (CB1), такие как десенсибилизация и подавление регуляции, которые опосредуются несколькими сигнальными путями.
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